Various media outlets attribute the country's high suicide rate to the nationwide anxiety around the country's college entrance exams, which determine the trajectory of students' entire lives and careers. [198][199] Former South Korean hagwon teacher Se-Woong Koo wrote that the South Korean education system amounts to child abuse and that it should be "reformed and restructured without delay". [200] The system has also been criticized for producing an excess supply of university graduates creating an overeducated and underemployed labor force; in the first quarter of 2013 alone, nearly 3. 3 million South Korean university graduates were jobless, leaving many graduates overqualified for jobs requiring less education. [201] Further criticism has been stemmed for causing labor shortages in various skilled blue collar labor and vocational occupations, where many go unfilled as the negative social stigma associated with vocational careers and not having a university degree continues to remain deep-rooted in South Korean society.
South Korea and Japan eventually signed the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea in 1965 to establish diplomatic ties. There is heavy anti-Japanese sentiment in South Korea because of a number of unsettled Japanese-Korean disputes, many of which stem from the period of Japanese occupation after the Japanese annexation of Korea. During World War II, more than 100, 000 Koreans served in the Imperial Japanese Army. [246][247] Korean women were coerced and forced to serve the Imperial Japanese Army as sexual slaves, called comfort women, in both Korea and throughout the Japanese war fronts.
[211] Widespread Christianization of the Koreans took place during State Shinto, [211] after its abolition, and then in the independent South Korea as the newly established military government supported Christianity and tried to utterly oust native Sindo. Among Christian denominations, Presbyterianism is the largest. About nine million people belong to one of the hundred different Presbyterian churches; the biggest ones are the HapDong Presbyterian Church, TongHap Presbyterian Church and the Koshin Presbyterian Church. South Korea is also the second-largest missionary-sending nation, after the United States. [212] Buddhism was introduced to Korea in the 4th century. [213] It soon became a dominant religion in the southeastern kingdom of Silla, the region that hitherto hosts the strongest concentration of Buddhists in South Korea.
[24][25] After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the official name for the entire territory, though it was not universally accepted. The new official name has its origin in the ancient kingdom of Gojoseon (2333 BCE). In 1897, the Joseon dynasty changed the official name of the country from Joseon to Daehan Jeguk (Korean Empire). The name Daehan (Great Han) derives from Samhan (Three Han), referring to the Three Kingdoms of Korea, not the ancient confederacies in the southern Korean Peninsula. [26][27] However, the name Joseon was still widely used by Koreans to refer to their country, though it was no longer the official name.
Baseball was first introduced to Korea in 1905 and has since become increasingly popular, with some sources claiming it has surpassed football as the most popular sport in the country. [398][399][400] Recent years have been characterized by increasing attendance and ticket prices for professional baseball games. [401][402] The Korea Professional Baseball league, a 10-team circuit, was established in 1982. The South Korea national team finished third in the 2006 World Baseball Classic and second in the 2009 tournament.
Education is regarded with a high priority for South Korean families, as success in education is often a source of pride for families and within South Korean society at large, and is a necessity to improve one's socioeconomic position in South Korean society. [182][183] South Koreans view education as the main propeller of social mobility for themselves and their family, as a gateway to the South Korean middle class.
ISBN 978-1-4381-2738-5. "The Tangun myth became more popular with groups that wanted Korea to be independent; the Kija myth was more useful to those who wanted to show that Korea had a strong affinity to China. " Hulbert, H. B. (2014). The History of Korea. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-317-84941-4. "If a choice is to be made between them, one is faced with the fact that the Tangun, with his supernatural origin, is more clearly a mythological figure than Kija. " ^ Peterson, Mark; Margulies, Phillip (2009). A Brief History of Korea.
[390][391][392][393] Holidays There are many official public holidays in South Korea. Korean New Year's Day, or "Seollal", is celebrated on the first day of the Korean lunar calendar. Korean Independence Day falls on 1 March, and commemorates the 1 March Movement of 1919. Memorial Day is celebrated on 6 June, and its purpose is to honor the men and women who died in South Korea's independence movement. Constitution Day is on 17 July, and it celebrates the promulgation of Constitution of the Republic of Korea. Liberation Day, on 15 August, celebrates Korea's liberation from the Empire of Japan in 1945.
ISBN 978-0-521-22352-2. Retrieved 29 July 2016. ^ Embree, Ainslie Thomas (1988). Encyclopedia of Asian history. Scribner. p. 324. ISBN 978-0-684-18899-7. Retrieved 29 July 2016. ^ Cohen, Warren I. (20 December 2000). East Asia at the Center: Four Thousand Years of Engagement with the World. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-231-50251-1. Retrieved 29 July 2016. ^ Kim, Jinwung (5 November 2012). A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict. Indiana University Press. p. 35.
Relations thawed gradually and South Korea and the PRC re-established formal diplomatic relations on 24 August 1992. The two countries sought to improve bilateral relations and lifted the forty-year-old trade embargo, [236] and South Korean–Chinese relations have improved steadily since 1992. [236] The Republic of Korea broke off official relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) upon gaining official relations with the People's Republic of China, which does not recognize Taiwan's sovereignty. [237] China has become South Korea's largest trading partner by far, sending 26% of South Korean exports in 2016 worth $124 billion, as well as an additional $32 billion worth of exports to Hong Kong. [238] South Korea is also China's 4th largest trading partner, with $93 billion of Chinese imports in 2016.
The country's national economy benefits from a highly skilled workforce and is among the most educated countries in the world with one of the highest percentages of its citizens holding a tertiary education degree. [287] South Korea's economy was one of the world's fastest-growing from the early 1960s to the late 1990s, and was still one of the fastest-growing developed countries in the 2000s, along with Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, the other three Asian Tigers. [288] It recorded the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990. [289] South Koreans refer to this growth as the Miracle on the Han River.
pp. 23–24. Retrieved 21 November 2016. ^ Walker, Hugh Dyson (November 2012). p. 104. ISBN 978-1-4772-6516-1. Retrieved 21 November 2016. ^ Yi, Hyŏn-hŭi; Pak, Sŏng-su; Yun, Nae-hyŏn (2005). New history of Korea. Jimoondang. p. 201. ISBN 978-89-88095-85-0. He launched a military expedition to expand his territory, opening the golden age of Goguryeo. ^ Hall, John Whitney (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan. Cambridge University Press. p. 362.
Historically, while the culture of Korea has been heavily influenced by that of neighboring China, it has nevertheless managed to develop a unique cultural identity that is distinct from its larger neighbor. [366] Its rich and vibrant culture left 21 UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritages of Humanity, [367] the fourth largest in the world, along with 15 World Heritage Sites. The South Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism actively encourages the traditional arts, as well as modern forms, through funding and education programs.
3 (301 km2 / 116 mi2)Population• 2022 estimate51, 844, 834[5] (28th)• Density507/km2 (1, 313. 1/sq mi)GDP (PPP)2022 estimate• Total $2. 735 trillion[6] (14th)• Per capita $53, 051[6] (28th)GDP (nominal)2022 estimate• Total $1. 804 trillion[6] (12th)• Per capita $34, 994[6] (32nd)Gini (2018) 34. 5[7]mediumHDI (2021) 0. 925[8]very high · 19thCurrencyKorean Republic won (₩) (KRW)Time zoneUTC+9 (Korea Standard Time)Date formatyyyy년 m월 d일yyyy. m.
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